Xidazoon (Xidazoon stephanus) is an extinct marine species of the Early Cambrian era, and a member of vetulicolians, which are an taxon of the now famous Chengjiang fauna ⁵⁾. As with Didazoon, Xidazoon belong to the family Didazoonidae. The generic name "Xidazoon" is derived from an abbreviation of Northwest University in Xi'an, China, and species name "stephanus" means "crown" in Greek ⁴⁾.

The body length of Xidazoon is approximately 85mm ^4), and two sections of the body, voluminous anterior part and leaf-like shaped posterior, are neary equal length each other. Although Xidazoon is similar to Didazoon which is the same taxon (family Didazoonidae), the anterior of the farmer is more ovoid. The anterior part is also segmented to six, but the segmental boundaries are less clear ⁵⁾. The ventral margin is slightly flatten displying keel-like shape ⁵⁾.

The anterior body has five gill-slits (or pouch-like gills) arraying on the midline of both lateral sides, and each slit is covered with a hood-like structure (or referred to as lappet, cawl) prominating slightly ⁵⁾. These strucures may have opening into the interior ⁵⁾. The mouth opening at the terminal end of anterior body has an extremely specific structure, surrounded by inner and outer circlets made with 25 – 30 plates radially arranged ^{4), 5)}.

The posterior part is an elliptic leaf shaped (the mid region is wide and the proximal and the distal end are tapered), consists of seven segments with rounded termination ^{4), 5)}. This tail part has an alimentary canal with terminal opening, and two or three short spines at the posterior tip ⁴⁾.

Xidazoon were probably epifaunal (lived on the surface of sediment), and deposit filter feeders ^{1), 4), 5)}. Alternatively, they might have been nektobenthic (swimmers near the bottom of the sea), and suspension feeders ²⁾. There are not any evidences or traces which are presumable as grasping or chewing mechanisms of the oral disc ¹⁾. The anterior body of the specimen is frequently filled with sediment voluminously ^{1), 4),5)}. Together, Xidazoon would have captured deposits or supension with sea water via the oral opening, then filtered organic materials as some nutrients from them. The excess sea water may have been discharged through the gill-slits ^{3), 5)}.

Vetulicolians, which Xidazoon is assigned to, have been considered to be arthropods or stem-group deuterostomes ^{1), 8)}. Futhermore, they have been interpreted variously in each taxa ^{1), 8)}. Although the possibility that the vetulicolians, including Xidazoon, are protostomes still remains ¹⁾, and there are also deliberative ¹⁾, or skeptical ⁷⁾ standpoints, most debates accept that the vetulicolians are deuterostomes ^{2), 8)}. However, with regard to their phylogenetic position, the debate whether they are the stem-group deuterosomes ^{3), 5), 6), 8)}, or the stem-group chordates, especially the sister group to tunicates ²⁾ has not yet reached a conclusion.

At the present, the members of vetulicolians have not only found from China, but also from North America (the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet in North Greenland) ⁸⁾, and Australia (the Emu Bay Shale Konservat-Lagerstätte in South Australia) ²⁾.

There is a debate that Xidazoon and Pomatrum are the same genera ¹⁾. If so, Xidazoon will be junior synonym of Pomatrum ¹⁾. But, the discussion has not reached an agreement ⁶⁾.